Upaya peningkatan kesadaran ancaman kanker serviks melalui konseling skrining berbasis inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA)
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Abstract
Kanker serviks masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan, terutama di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah, sehingga upaya skrining (deteksi dini) risiko kanker serviks, salah satunya berupa IVA(Inspeksi Visual Asam asetat) penting untuk upaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dampak intervensi konseling berbasis Model Keyakinan Kesehatan (Health Belief Model) dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemauan guru serta staf sekolah untuk menjalani skrining kanker serviks dengan metode Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA). Intervensi berupa sesi konseling dilaksanakan di delapan sekolah, dan pengetahuan serta sikap peserta diukur sebelum dan sesudah edukasi. Data hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel, diagram dan dianalisis dengan uji statistik paired-student's T test. Hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan skor pengetahuan yang signifikan secara statistik, dari 65,2 ± 12,4 menjadi 84,7 ± 9,8 (p < 0,001). Persentase peserta yang menyatakan kesediaan untuk menjalani skrining IVA juga meningkat dari 58,3% menjadi 87,5% (p = 0,003). Namun demikian, cakupan skrining aktual hanya naik dari 12% menjadi 14% (p = 0,08), masih jauh dari target partisipasi sebesar 70%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah diperlukan strategi komprehensif yang tidak hanya fokus pada peningkatan pengetahuan, tetapi juga mengatasi hambatan psikologis, budaya, dan akses pelayanan. Pendekatan multifaset yang melibatkan edukasi berkelanjutan, dukungan sosial, peran aktif tenaga kesehatan masyarakat, serta peningkatan aksesibilitas layanan skrining diyakini dapat mendorong partisipasi lebih luas. Kesimpulannya, intervensi konseling dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan kemauan, namun dampaknya terhadap cakupan skrining masih terbatas sehingga perlu didukung langkah strategis yang lebih menyeluruh.
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